ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between umbilical plasma erythropoietin(epo) concentrations and umbilical cord pH in high risk pregnancies. METHODS: We measured epo concentrations and gas in 103 cases of cord blood obtained from 88 cesarean section (15 of twin) composed of 39 cases of normal control (12 of normal twins), 45 cases of high risk pregnancies and 4 cases of unclassified group using an RIA kit from december,1998 to December, 1999. Statistical analysis was performed using the student's t test and regression analysis. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Umbilcal plasma epo concentrations revealed significant inverse correlation (P<0.05) with umbilical acidosis and cord blood epo levels, and it were significantly higher in GDM and IUGR than normal pregnancies (control: 1.60 1.15, n=39 versus GDM: 7.78 7.18, n=11 versus IUGR: 64.77 90.57 n=10, p<0.05), but 11 cases of fetal distress and 13 cases of preeclampsia did not differ significantly from umbilical plasma epo of normal control. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated epo concentrations in cord blood indicate fetal hypoxia and It is significantly increased in IUGR and GDM, these findings show that cord blood epo may serve as a clinically useful marker for chronic fetal hypoxia.
Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Acidosis , Cesarean Section , Erythropoietin , Fetal Blood , Fetal Distress , Fetal Growth Retardation , Fetal Hypoxia , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Plasma , Pre-Eclampsia , Umbilical CordABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We investigated influence of choice of pain control method on analgesic effect and postoperative course after cesarean section. METHODS: Ninety parturients were randomly allocated to three groups and each group had 30 women. The postoperative pain was controlled with classical intramuscular injection in IM group and PCA (patient-controlled analgesia)device in meperidine (D) and meperidine+diclofenac (DV) group for up to 48 hours after Cesarean section when the parturients awoke and complained pain. The parturients received intramuscular diclofenac 75 mg every 12 hours in DV group. We evaluated usefulness and safety of each pain control method on postoperative opioid requirement, numerical rating score of pain, side effect and first ambulation time for 48 hours after operation. RESULTS: Total opioid requirement was decreased almost 40-50% in DV group. Pain score lowered significantly at 6, 12 and 24 hours in DV group(p<0.05). Nausea,Vomiting and Dizziness were increased in IM group than PCA group(p<0.05). There was no difference in laboratory data including hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count and bleeding time in diclofenac used group. Ambulation was started earlier significalty in DV group after Cesarean section(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that diclofenac combined PCA is the most effective and safe method in pain control after cesarean section. But it is necessary to try further evaluation of hemostatic effect of diclofenac.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled , Bleeding Time , Cesarean Section , Diclofenac , Dizziness , Hematocrit , Hemostasis , Injections, Intramuscular , Meperidine , Pain, Postoperative , Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis , Platelet Count , WalkingABSTRACT